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The Bath complex at Caracalla was spread over 27 acres and was
reputed to be large enough to handle over 1500 visitors at a time.
The facility offered hot baths, warm baths, stream baths, and
cold baths. Food was served, recreation was available in the
form of a gymnasium and field sports and live music was supplied to
some rooms.
Built in the early 3rd Century (A.D,) the baths were an engineering
marvel. The water for the baths was provided by a aqueduct
from a relatively distant source (approximately 35 miles). The
water flowed by gravity and its continuous flow, heating and exit
throughout this large facility was a significant feat.
Fresh water entered at an "upper" level where is was separated and
heated in a number of chambers and tubes. Waste water outlets
carried used water to a lower level, so that the waste water could
exit the facility without the chance of mixing with the fresh water.
Storage areas were filled with charcoal and wood to fuel the
furnaces needed to heat the water.
Although the Baths of Caracalla were destroyed by invaders in the
5th century and were later damaged by earthquakes and looters, they
remain an interesting place to visit. Be sure to see the few
floor mosaics still intact.
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